Internet Protocol Suite

January 16, 2019

Internet Protocol Suite

The internet protocol suite is the computer networking model

and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer

networks. It is commonly known as TCP/IP, because its most important

protocols, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet

Protocol (IP) were the first networking protocols defined in this standard.

(a) Application Layer Protocols

(b) Transport Layer Protocols

(c) Internet Layer Protocols

(d) Network Layer Protocols

(a) Application Layer Protocols:

Application layer protocol responsible for application-level access to TCP/IP networking services. These include Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Domain Name System (DNS), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Telnet, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). In the Microsoft implementation of TCP/IP, application layer protocols by using either Windows Sockets or NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT).

(b) Transport Layer Protocols:

Establish communication through connection-oriented sessions and connectionless

broadcasts. protocol at this layer includes TCP and User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

(c) Internet Layer Protocols:

This is responsible for routing and encapsulation into IP packets. Protocol

at this layer include IP, Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Internet

Control Message Protocol (ICMP), and Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP).

(d) Network Layer Protocols:

Places frames on the network. The protocols include the various

Local Area Network (LAN) architectures (such as Ethernet and Token Ring)

and WAN telecommunication service technologies, such as Plain

Old Telephone Services (POTS), Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM).

Note: TCP/IP is a constantly evolving protocol suite whose development is steered by such bodies as the Internet Society (ISOC), the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The current version of TCP/IP is called IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4). A new version called IPv6 is under implementation.